ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of fibroblasts in breast cancer microenvironment on the expression of TIGAR and Bcl-2 in breast cancer cells and their effect on breast cancer growth.Methods: In vitro experiments,the co-cultured model of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 with human fibroblast line CCC-ESF-1 was established.The effect of fibroblasts on the expression of TIGAR and Bcl-2 in breast cancer cells was tested with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blot.Annexin V flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assay were employed to detect the apoptosis of breast cancer cells.In vivo experiments,human breast cancer transplanted tumor model in nude mice was established and the tumor volume of nude mice was meas-ured.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect TIGAR and Bcl-2 expression in the transplanted tumor tissues of nude mice.Results:The results showed that the co-cultured fibroblasts could up-regulate the expression of TIGAR and Bcl-2 in MDA-MB-231 cells and inhibited the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro.The fibroblasts implanted with breast cancer cells could up-regulate TIGAR and Bcl-2 expression in breast cancer tissues of tumor-bearing nude mice in vivo,whereas highly expressed TIGAR and Bcl-2 accelerated the tumor growth of tumor-bearing nude mice.Conclusion:The fibroblasts in breast cancer microenvironment up-regulate the expression of TIGAR and Bcl-2 in breast cancer cells co-cultured with fibroblasts.Highly expressed TIGAR and Bcl-2 inhibit the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and promote the growth of breast cancer.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the incidence rates of both typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in the high prevalent areas of Guizhou province so as to provide evidence for the development of programs on comprehensive intervention and effectiveness evaluation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six townships in Pingba county were selected as intervention areas while six townships in Kaiyang county were taken as control. All hospitals and clinics were classified into A, B and C types according to its level and the capacity of the blood culture. Surveillance on typhoid and paratyphoid fever was conducted based on all population and all hospitals, clinics and county CDCs among the patients with unknown fever.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the surveillance area in those two counties, there were 12 944 blood samples from patients with unknown fever which have been tested and cultured. Among them, 200 strains of Salmonella including 16 typhoid strains, 184 paratyphoid A strains were identified, with the total positive rate as 1.55%. The positive rate before the intervention program was higher than the after. The detection rate was 1.91% in the type A hospitals. 39 strains of Salmonella have been cultured from 2039 samples which accounting for 19.50% (39/200) of the total strains. 4315 blood samples were cultured at the 'Class B' sites which isolated 82 strains of Salmonella, accounting for 41.00% (82/200), with a detection rate as 1.90%. 6590 samples were cultured at the 'Class C' sites, which identified 79 strains of Salmonella, accounting for 39.50% (79/200), with a detection rate as 1.20%. The detection rate was much higher before the use of antibiotics than after using them (P < 0.05). The annual peak time of positive detection was in spring and fall. The outbreaks or epidemics often appeared in the same places, with farmers, students as the high-risk populations. Symptoms of both typhoid and paratyphoid fever were not typical.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Typhoid and paratyphoid monitoring programs which covered primary health care institutions in the high incidence area seemed to be effective in reflecting the pictures as well as the burden of both typhoid and paratyphoid.</p>